Constructive solution of highly effective photoenergy module: development and experimental testing

Based on experimental study and computermodeling of working temperature influence on the efficiency of Chinese production silicon solar cells identified temperature dependence of efficiency shows the feasibility of using Chinese production Si-SC in the construction of photovoltaic thermal system, which together with the heat pump is part of a combined system for hot water supply, heating and air conditioning. Based on a detailed analysis of the working temperature influence on the efficiency of photovoltaic processes that determine the solar cells work, it has been developed the optimal construction and technological solution of hybrid solar generated module, the main feature ofwhich is the heat exchange block, designed to reduce the solar cells working temperature. The experimental testing of hybrid modules samples equipped with developed cooling system, high-voltage part of power take-off system demonstrates their reliability and high efficiency which allow to achieve the such module efficiency up to 18.5 %.На основе экспериментального исследования в комплексе с компьютерным моделированием влияния рабочей температуры на эффективность кремниевых солнечных элементов китайского производства выявлена температурная зависимость их эффективности. Температурная зависимость показывает целесообразность использования солнечных элементов китайского производства в составе фотоэлектрической тепловой системы, которая вместе с тепловым насосом является частью комбинированной системы горячего водоснабжения, отопления и кондиционирования воздуха. На основе детального анализа влияния рабочей температуры на эффективность фотоэлектрических процессов, определяющих работу солнечных элементов, было разработано оптимальное конструктивно-технологическое решение гибридного солнечного генерирующего модуля, основной особенностью которого является теплообменный блок, предназначен для снижения рабочей температуры солнечных элементов. Экспериментальные испытания образцов таких модулей, оснащенных разработанной системой охлаждения и высоковольтной системой отбора мощности, демонстрируют их надежность и высокую эффективность, позволяющие достичь КПД гибридного модуля до 18,5 %

О возможности дистанционной диагностики дыхательной системы человека методом аускультации

Development of technical base, software, accumulated information on the diagnosis of the respiratory system provided the prerequisites for creating remote diagnostics of the human respiratory system through auscultation. The known methods do not solve the problem of determining auscultation points at patent´s housing without a diagnostic specialist. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for remote diagnostics of the respiratory system which provides ability to determine the points of auscultation without presence of a diagnostic specialist. The definition of auscultation points is provided using a computer program that allows to calculate the points´ coordinates based on the coordinates of points that determine the anatomical structure of the patient's torso. The patient or his assistant places the recording device at the auscultation points combining their images on the display with the image of the location of the recording device. The signal recorded at the auscultation point is remotely transmitted to a specialist for direct analysis and/or computer processing. The diagnostic module consists of two main units. The first unit contains a stethoscope, microphone, and amplifier connected to a mobile phone or other similar device containing an accelerometer. The patient or his assistant at the housing uses the unit. The second unit is a mobile phone with a mechanical marker or a computer with the ability to access the network in conjunction with the necessary software and is used remotely by a diagnostic specialist. The layout of the unit for recording and transmitting breath sounds was made. To avoid discrepancies in the diagnostic results the technical characteristics of the module elements must be normalized. Unified software is required for the module to function. The organizational tasks that need to be solved for the implementation of diagnostics are formulated. Use of the method of remote diagnostics of the respiratory system, providing the ability to determine points of auscultation without the direct presence of a diagnostic specialist and the module will allow increasing efficiency of treatment of pulmonary diseases reduce infection risks and economic costs

Laws and regularities of vocational pedagogy

The issue under study is relevant, since a modern pedagogical science needs to establish adialectical relationship between the theory and practice of vocational education, becauseresearch in this area as well as in vocational pedagogy has lagged behind the implementedpractical transformations and reforms in recent years.The aim of the paper is to justify the definition of “vocational pedagogy” and to find out whether it is right to use the terms “law” and “regularity” with respect to an independent field of a pedagogical science – vocational pedagogy. The leading approach to studying the above issue is the method of modelling, which enables to reveal the peculiarities of the effect of formulated regularities of vocational pedagogy at the modern stage of society development, to extrapolate their effect on the nearest future of vocational education development and to provide a science-based forecast of its evolution. The results of the research: we revealed the regularities of vocational pedagogy and vocational education, gave a definition of vocational pedagogy as a methodological basis forvocational education, and defined the perspectives of their development. The materials of the paper may be useful for specialists in regulatory, theoretical and practical activities in education for developing and improving educational and professional standards as well as for developing a model for creating future competitive employees in the system of vocational education taking into account the established regularities in the development of the theory and practice of vocational education.Keywords: laws, regularities, creative thinking, vocational education, vocational pedagogy,standards

X-ray and optical periodicities in X-ray binaries. I.A0535+26

A homogeneous set of UBV photometry (354 data points obtained between 1983 and 1998) for the Be/X-ray binary A0535+26 = V725Tau is analysed, aiming to look for possible periodic component(s). After subtraction of the long-term variation it was found that only a 103-day periodic component remains in the power spectra in both the V and B colour bands. The probability of chance occurrence of such a peak is less than 0.1%. There are no signs of optical variability at the X-ray period (111 d). We discuss possible reasons for a 103-day modulation and suggest that it corresponds to a beat frequency of the orbital period of the neutron star and the precession period (~1400 d) either of an accretion disc around the neutron star or a warped decretion disc around the Be star.Comment: LaTeX, 6 pages, 5 figures, uses psfig.st

Some problems in the study of the chronology of the ancient nomadic cultures in Eurasia (9th - 3rd centuries BC)

This research is focused on the chronological investigations of ancient nomads belonging to the Scythian cultures which occupied the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Eurasia during the 9th-3rd centuries BC. The 14C dates for the pre-scythian and early scythian time in both Europe and Asia are presented and compared to their chronological position based on archaeological evidence. The first 14C dates have been produced for the Scythian time monuments located in the Lower Volga River basin, Urals and Transurals regions. Their chronological positions are compared with the position of the monuments of Southern Siberia and Central Asia. It was shown that the nomadic cultures belonging to the Scythian culture began to exist over the wide territory of Eurasia from the 9th-8th centuries cal BC and there are some monuments which may be synchronous to the Arzhan royal barrow (the oldest monument known). A list of new 14C dates and a map of the monuments are presented

A chronology of the Scythian antiquities of Eurasia based on new archaeological and C-14 data

The paper is compares the chronology of the monuments of the Scythian epoch located in the east and west of the Eurasian steppe zone on the basis of both archaeological and radiocarbon data. The lists of C-14 dates for the monuments located in different parts of Eurasia are presented according to the periods of their existence. Generally, the C-14 dates are confirmed the archaeological point of view and allow us to compare the chronological position of the European and Asian Scythian monuments on the united C-14 time scale

CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTION OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE PHOTOENERGY MODULE: DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL TESTING

Based on experimental study and computer modeling of working temperature influence on the efficiency of Chinese production silicon solar cells identified temperature dependence of efficiency shows the feasibility of using Chinese production Si-SC in the construction of photovoltaic thermal system, which together with the heat pump is part of a combined system for hot water supply, heating and air conditioning. Based on a detailed analysis of the working temperature influence on the efficiency of photovoltaic processes that determine the solar cells work, it has been developed the optimal construction and technological solution of hybrid solar generated module, the main feature of which is the heat exchange block, designed to reduce the solar cells working temperature. The experimental testing of hybrid modules samples equipped with developed cooling system, high-voltage part of power take-off system demonstrates their reliability and high efficiency which allow to achieve the such module efficiency up to 18.5 %. На основе экспериментального исследования в комплексе с компьютерным моделированием влияния рабочей температуры на эффективность кремниевых солнечных элементов китайского производства выявлена температурная зависимость их эффективности. Температурная зависимость показывает целесообразность использования солнечных элементов китайского производства в составе фотоэлектрической тепловой системы, которая вместе с тепловым насосом является частью комбинированной системы горячего водоснабжения, отопления и кондиционирования воздуха. На основе детального анализа влияния рабочей температуры на эффективность фотоэлектрических процессов, определяющих работу солнечных элементов, было разработано оптимальное конструктивно-технологическое решение гибридного солнечного генерирующего модуля, основной особенностью которого является теплообменный блок, предназначен для снижения рабочей температуры солнечных элементов. Экспериментальные испытания образцов таких модулей, оснащенных разработанной системой охлаждения и высоковольтной системой отбора мощности, демонстрируют их надежность и высокую эффективность, позволяющие достичь КПД гибридного модуля до 18,5 %.

CHARACTER OF DISTRIBUTION OF HLA II ANTIGENS IN PATIENTS WITH AVERAGE AND SEVERE FORMS OF ACNE

This article presents information about the distribution of antigens of the second class in patients with papulo-pustular and nodulous forms of acne. Class II antigens distribution was estimated as the total Group and groups of patients allocated depending on the severity of the clinical picture. Association revealed the presence of severe acne with antigens of histocompatibility of HLA-complex that confirms the importance of immunogenetic factors in the pathogenesis of this condition

FEATURES OF IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS IN THE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA AT PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS

Some basic parameters of immune profile have been investigated in 140 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). There was shown that the cohort of CLL patients is heterogeneous for their immune profile as early as at primary diagnosis stage, showing sufficient differences in the numbers of immunocompetent cells in peripheral blood. In most cases, the interpretation of appropriate quantitative characteristics is quite difficult, if based on the conventional criteria. The numbers of activated T-lymphocytes and NK-cells were proven to be the most informative parameters of cellular immunity in this cohort. Progression of leukemic events shows a close association with only a single parameter under study, i.e., CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio

The effect of a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus on microcirculation in the conjunctiva

Introduction. The availability of an objective assessment of the microcirculatory bed is possible when examining the vessels of the conjunctiva. This is especially true in individuals who have had COVID-19 and have diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.Aim. To study the microcirculation in the conjunctiva after a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Materials and methods. 83 patients with a history of coronavirus infection were examined. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence or absence of comorbidities. Group 1 patients (n = 42) with post-COVID changes in the conjunctiva (severe  injection of  the eyeball, chemosis, microhemorrhagia, folliculosis of  the tarsal and bulbar conjunctiva, the  presence of  a  nodular formation  (conflicts), slight edema of  the corneal epithelium) and a  history of  concomitant diseases: arterial hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis. Group 2 patients (n = 41) with no history of concomitant diseases and similar post-COVID changes in  the conjunctiva. The control group consisted of  healthy volunteers without a  history of coronavirus infection (n = 30). All subjects underwent laser Doppler flowmetry of the bulbar conjunctiva 3, 6, 12 months after the coronavirus infection.Results and discussion. In comparison with the control group of persons after 3 months, microcirculatory disorders were detected in both groups (group 1 – subcompensated, group 2 – decompensated). In group 1, after 6 months and 12 months, violations persisted in  the subcompensation stage, which were accompanied by an increase in  the intensity of  the functioning of  the regulatory systems of the microcirculation: the M index corresponded to normal values, and the values of σ and Kv were above the norm. After 6 months in group 2, compensation of microcirculatory disorders was noted (indicators M, σ, Kv were normal), which persisted even by 12 months of observation.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that in patients with concomitant endothelial dysfunction, the processes of restoration of the microvasculature are slowed down